Legal scope
Gender-based violence can involve physical or psychological assaults, threats, coercion or sexual violence. Article 1 of Organic Law 1/2004 specifically covers violence against women by current or former husbands or persons linked by similar intimate relationships, including without cohabitation. Other forms of violence may also be criminal and protected under their own rules; legal scopes should not be confused.
Protection and penalties
Urgent measures and a protection order may be requested where requirements are met, including possible contact or proximity bans and civil measures. Filing a complaint does not grant them automatically. Imprisonment, fines and other penalties depend on the offence and decision. Pretrial detention is a precautionary measure with its own conditions, not a sentence; interim protection and conviction differ.
Proceedings and assistance
A complaint may lead to investigation, evidence and, where appropriate, accusation and trial. Legal assistance supports reporting, evidence preservation and representation while respecting safeguards and the presumption of innocence. Victims have information and assistance rights and may access specialised support under the rules. Prevention and education complement criminal justice. In an emergency, call 112.
Book an appointment with MH & MG Abogados in Barcelona or Roses to review your case.
Updated: 5 October 2026.